Essay on Brain Development in Victims of Child Abuse

Child abuse is a widespread problem in America and beyond. Every year more than 3 million reports of child abuse are made in the United States involving more than 6 million children(1a). For many years, experts believed that the negative effects of child abuse, such as emotional problems, flashbacks to traumatic events, and even learning problems, were psychological phenomena only, able to be cured with therapy. Now, however, beliefs are being changed with the help of tools such as MRI imaging, able to detect actual changes in brain anatomy, and it appears that what doesnt kill you may still permanently weaken you, at least when it comes to child abuse. The chief danger to the brain in child abuse, besides direct injury by the†¦show more content†¦The water-soluble neurotransmitters, on the other hand, only last for seconds (3). This persistance of the stress hormones makes it hard for the brain to return to its natural, unstressed state. The brain develops in such a way that it leaves itself vulnerable to these negative influences. The prenatal brain develops an overabundance of neurons, some of which are then carefully eliminated before age 4 (5). In a process similar to this, the amount of synapses between neurons is built up during early childhood and then pruned back for the next 30 years of life (5). These two processes are both disturbed by elevated levels of stress hormones (5). The two centers of the brain with the most postnatal changes, including the growth of new neurons after birth, are the hippocampus, which is part of the limbic system, and the cerebellar vermis (6). The hippocampus is in charge of creating and retrieving memories, working together with the other parts of the limbic system, such as the amygdala, which records the emotions for each memory. The vermis controls the production and release of two of the catecholamine neurotransmitters, dopamine and norepinephrine (6). Both the vermis and the limbic system have higher concentrations of receptors for the stress hormone cortisol than anywhere else in the brain (6). Due to this fact, these still-developing areas are the most vulnerable to the damage done by elevated levels of stress hormones. TheShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1132 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Child abuse takes many different forms. Including physical, sexual, emotional, or neglect of a children by parents, guardians, or others responsible for a child s welfare. Regardless of the type of abuse, the child’s devolvement is greatly impacted. The child’s risk for emotional, behavioral, academic, social, and physical problems in life increase. According to the Child Maltreatment Report by the Children’s Bureau (1999) the most common form of child abuse in the United States isRead MoreImagine Coming Home To Your Father Or Mother And Them Forcefully1188 Words   |  5 Pagestragically the everyday life for many children today. The constant wondering or trying to understand why they deserved this mistreatment. Unfortunately, â€Å"over three million children a year are suspected to be neglected or abused from reports from the Child Protection Services† (Bartholet). Children who have been neglected or abused have been linked to multiple behavioral probl ems that is a national, yet under alarmed, issue (Winters). These children particularly are associated with many developmentalRead MoreEarly Childhood Abuse and the Effects on Emotional Development1352 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Early childhood abuse and the effects on emotional development Abstract The present research is aimed at providing an account of early childhood abuse and its effects on further emotional development. A first focus falls on outlining the psychological stages of emotional development and the notion of emotional response, followed by a thorough analysis of the child abuse spectrum together with effects, both early and belated, of general and most notably socio-emotional nature. Firstly, the meaningRead MoreThe Long Term Ramifications Of Child Abuse And Neglect1478 Words   |  6 Pagesterm ramifications of child abuse and neglect are profound and may endure long after the maltreatment has occurred. Individuals that undergo such abuse either physically or mentally may affect various aspects of their development. The outcome of abuse and neglect can range from minor effects to fatal situations. In the novel â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† Dill was emotionally damaged and neglected by his parents. In 2006, an estimated 905,000 children were victims of child abuse or neglect. StatisticallyRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse and Its Impact on The Developing Brain, An Annotated Bibliography846 Words   |  4 Pages1) â€Å"Child Sexual Abuse, Traumatic Experiences, and Their Impact on the Developing Brain† Gaskill, Richard L. and Perry, Bruce D. (2012) â€Å"Child Sexual Abuse, Traumatic Experiences, and Their Impact on the Developing Brain† Handbook of Child Sexual Abuse: Identification, Assessment, and Treatment. Online. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118094822.ch2/pdf Annotated Bibliography: In this article, the author is making an argument that sexual abuse causes brain development problems inRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1488 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' In addressing child abuse we are confronted with a series of problems. On the one hand, there is a lack of the true extent of the phenomenon because no data are available and that the issue, often refers to the most intimate spaces of family life. Furthermore, cultural and historical traditions affect the way each society faces this problem. Finally, there are varying opinions as to its definition and classification, as well as the consequences of child abuse may have and its subsequent therapeuticRead MoreWhat Drives A Person Insane? Serial Killers997 Words   |  4 Pagesvital in the development of a child’s brain (Kirouac, McBride, 2009). As a baby, brain development is reliant on its environment (Kirouac, McBride, 2009). A young child’s brain behaves like a sponge; it absorbs details through observing their surroundings (Kirouac, McBride, 2009). The surroundings of a serial killer as an infant can greatly influence the way they go about their life and their st yle of killing. Experiences such as child abuse, divorce, child neglect, or drug abuse can be destructiveRead More Child Abuse and Neglect1102 Words   |  5 Pageswhat effects abuse can have on a child? The effects abuse can have on a child is very serious. Children can obtain serious problems from child abuse. They can develop social problems, depression, and anxiety. There are four types of abuse: physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect. Physical abuse can injure a child severely. Domestic Violence is a worldwide problem and affects the health and well-being of those open to it. Children that are exposed to physical abuse are at riskRead MoreChildren Are Victims Of Child Abuse1353 Words   |  6 Pages111-4127 November 10, 2014 Damage Done Did you know that more than six million children are victims of child abuse in the United States? We lose four to seven children every day due to abuse and neglect. The United States has one of the highest child abuse records across the nation (National Child Abuse Statistics 1). Children can be abused in many ways including neglect, physical, mental, sexual and emotional abuse. People do not realize the severity of this epidemic. More and more children are beingRead MoreChild Abuse And Child Maltreatment853 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Child abuse or child maltreatment is any act, or failure to act, by a parent or other caregiver that results in actual or potential harm to a child.† (Child Abuse Background) Child abuse can be physical or verbal abuse, ranging from sexual abuse, physiological abuse and even neglect. Child abuse can occur in a child’s home or in places of the community where they live. â€Å"Between the years of 2010 and 2011, there were approximately 7 .6 million people who were reportedly victimized and of this data

The Old Woman and Miss Cunegund - 869 Words

Candide is a satirical piece written by Voltaire, the great French historian and philosopher during the Age of Enlightenment. There are two contrasting female characters in the literature. Cunegund is the daughter of a baron who experiences unbearable miseries. An unnamed old woman is a servant of Cunegund who was born as a daughter of a Pope. Candide, who is Cunegund’s lover, is also a traveling companion. Even though both Cunegund and the old woman share similarities in their respective lives, and possess admirable strength, they contrast in that the old woman is pessimistic and realistic while Cunegund is optimistic and impractical. The old woman is more practical and realistic than Cunegund, who is looking for her jewels and other†¦show more content†¦However, Cunegund takes pleasure in telling her companions that they are now on their voyage to a new place and believes that all will be well. She also suggests to them not to consider as seriously whatever sad incidents which they have encountered. She conveys, however, that she cannot help but reflect on the memories of her experience. The old woman shows pessimism in the adventure with Cunegund, but Cunegund conveys the hope that indeed they will find peace and enjoyment. Even though Cunegund has manifests hopelessness in one line of the story, she makes reservation for new opportunities when Candide expresses the expectations that they are on their way to a new and probably better world. It may have turned out differently if Candide was not at her side. Even though Cunegund and the old lady have different attitudes and outlooks toward life, they share similarities in their respective lives. From riches, they go down to horrible and pitiful existences. They first savor luxury, comfort and distinction, and are the objects of attention. Then, every happy moment fades and disappears as adversity begins to set in, and a barrage of other undesirable circumstances follows. While both females have unhappy pasts, the old woman completely shrugs off her sad experiences in stride. In the case of Cunegund, she still maintains resentment over her previous encounters in life. As Cunegund narrates a litany of hardships whichShow MoreRelatedVoltaire s View Of Voltaire1213 Words   |  5 Pagesthan this. This is what makes Voltaire criticize part of Europeans. Voltaire did satirize different institutions for instance, other philosophers, many religious people, protestant pastors, and minority groups. He criticizes the church when the old woman begun saying â€Å"you must know that I am the daughter of pope Urban X and of the princess of Palestrina (In chapter 11)†. Voltaire explains that there is no pope named Urban X and he uses this opportunity to condemn the church. He means that the CatholicRead MoreRoad to El Dorado Essay597 Words   |  3 Pagesto find Cunegund, and he wants to be of higher status. In El Dorado, everyone has wealth; but if Candide leaves with some pebbles from El Dorado he can richer then the nobles in Europe. With these reasons in mind, Candide prepares for his departure from the perfect Utopia. The seemingly perfect Utopia is not that perfect for Candide, for there are a few things that Candide must have in his world that are not present in El Dorado. Candide was forced to leave his beautiful love, Cunegund. This was

The Do This, Get That Guide On How to Write an Essay Describing Yourself

The Do This, Get That Guide On How to Write an Essay Describing Yourself Choosing Good How to Write an Essay Describing Yourself Describing your very first wedding ceremony or gig with the audio band isn't the best idea. Perhaps you persisted despite a critical illness or death in your loved ones. My teachers and parents are pleased with my performance. My parents are content with my performance. You may easily buy unique college essays and don't neglect to tell friends and family about it. Scholarship and admissions committees like to realize that you're self-aware and conscious of ways to improve as an individual so go right ahead and discuss your mistakes and the way you learned from them. Many students might have the wisdom and capacity to compose decent scholarship essays, but a lot of them don't steer clear of certain mistakes. Today, most college students find it difficult to compose an essay on a particular topic. 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Effects on Employment & Sales In The Hospitality Industry And Business

Question: Describe about the Effects on Employment and Sales in the Hospitality Industry? Answer: Introduction to Research Method In the classic style of Krathwohl, the purpose of conducting this specific research lies on the effects of smoke free regulations on employment and sales in the hospitality industry. The significance of the research is determined by the substantial exposure of the hospitality workers to smoke and the considerable amount of risks involved in it e.g. high probability of lung cancer. According to Hyland et al. (2003), there are significant amount of dispute and debate that exist over the potential side effect of mandated smoke free zones on the economy of local hospitality industry. However, depending on the authors point of view based on critical study and analysis, it has been observed that smoke free regulations are in fact not bad for business. Need for the Study To be more precise, the considerable evidence that states that mandating these regulations on various business work sites or restaurants does not involve any adverse effect on hospitality industry economy and business. However, policy makers and business owners hesitate to implement such regulations saying that they are bad for doing business (Corbin Strauss, 2014). Therefore, the study purposefully aims at studying and assessing the impacts of implementing smoke free regulations on taxable sales and employment on several hotels and restaurants in New York States that have implemented smoke free policies; so as to uncover the pros and cons of such regulations on business as a whole. Description of the Research Theory The argument that exists among policy makers on changes in employment levels after implementation of smoke free policies necessitates adequate information about the accurate effects in their jurisdiction. The research has been conducted following the theory of experimental design involving one or more dependent variable which is mainly affected or influenced by two or more independent variable that reacts on the dependent variable (Gelso, 2006). This particular research methodology described my Krathwohl provides a model or research design that aims to thoroughly study the research topic based on a specific set of pre-defined research questions, research objectives or hypothesis (Pickard, 2012). Using this model as the conceptual framework, the research is executed or conducted in a step by step process. Dependent variables for this study have been identified as employment levels and taxable sales; whereas independent variable is smoke free regulations. Based on this conceptual model , the measures of sales and employment on different restaurants and hotels are assessed so as to analyze the results before and after implementing the smoke free regulations. Therefore, this particular research theory has been able to properly shape the study by providing a solid guideline to proceed through the experiment. Description of the Problem This particular study is focused on analyzing the issues regarding the actual effects of smoke free regulations on the employment and sales levels in the hospitality business. Despite there being adequate amount of proof that these regulations do not hold any adverse effects on business, most of the business owners and policy makers hesitate to apply such rules because of their belief that implementing such regulations is bad for business. Significant amount of health benefits have been observed by applying these rules, but still there are considerable debate about the potential effects on sales and economy of hospitality industry (Creswell, 2013). Purpose of the Study The purpose of conducting this study is to analyze the impacts of implementing smoke free regulations on the taxable sales and employment levels on business, more specifically the hospitality industry. There are significant amount of debate and controversy exists on the adverse effects of applying these rules and negative changes in the employment levels. Due to this belief, policy makers and business owners do not want to implement smoke free rules in their jurisdictions (Merriam, 2014). Research Questions The research questions for this research are identified as follows: What are the changes in sales and employment levels in hospitality business that implemented smoke free regulations? What are the per capita taxable sales and retail sales in restaurants with smoke free jurisdictions? What are the levels of employment in restaurants and hotels that have implemented smoke free venues? These above mentioned research questions underpin the study by setting out to answer the questions addressed. Corresponding Research Hypothesis Hypothesis 1: The changes in sales and employment levels in hospitality business that implemented smoke free zones. The research hypothesis considers the different aspects of sales and employment levels in hotel and restaurants, particularly in five of the smoke free jurisdictions in New York State. For this purpose, the dependent variable is identified to be the taxable sales and the employment level in these specific smoke free venues that are assessed before and after the implementation of such regulations. Hypothesis 2: The assessment of per capita taxable sales and fraction of retail sales in hotels and restaurants that include smoke free jurisdiction. The study attempts to compare the sales and employment outcomes both before and after the regulations became effective. Thereby, the study presents data from initial implementation period. For this particular purpose the independent variables namely, unemployment rate, season, time and presence or absence of smoke free law are addressed. Hypothesis 3: The levels of employment in restaurants and hotels that have implemented smoke free venues. This particular research hypothesis is targeted to uncover the changes over one year on the per capita taxable sales as well as retail sales and employment levels in eating and drinking places on five jurisdictions (Marshall Rossman, 2014). A regression based analysis is conducted to measure the changes over a period of one year. Figure: Research Framework (Source: Created by the Author) Research Methodology The qualitative approach has been chosen research methodology for this particular study. it specifically involves several data sources that are to be studied in order to obtain relevant information about the research topic (Dane, 2011). The research method is reliable in this particular context, as it helps collecting important information from primary and secondary data sources. The qualitative approach collects primary data about employees from restaurants and hotels obtained from each of the five selected countries of New York State Department of Labor that implements smoke free law (Mitchell 2012). Therefore, the method chosen for this particular study is properly justified as it effectively helped in gathering information e.g. per capita sales and employment detail outcomes from the five smoke free venues and thereby analyze and assess the changes in level over one year after the law became effective. Research Design The research design underpins the framework designed for executing the research. In this context, descriptive research design has been utilized for properly assessing the results and outcomes of the examination of collected data from the data sources (Maxwell, 2012). Therefore, selection of descriptive research design is well suited for this topic of study as it efficiently depicts the responses or results in an accurate measure. Analysis on Krathwohls Statement The research execution is a step by step process that includes choosing a well suited research methodology and research design so as to be able to develop the research framework. The research framework includes identifying the dependent and independent variables for analyzing the influences or effects. Therefore, the statement by Krathwohl is very much applicable in this scenario as it provides an accurate guide to take the study in the proper direction, following the research phases chosen for this particular study (Krathwohl, 2009). For example, this particular study requires identifying the research hypothesis or questions that provide a base to conduct the study. Furthermore, the chosen method aims at satisfying the research hypothesis or objectives by following the research design. Limitations of the Study The weak links can be identified in the article under concern. First of all, there is no specific definition of the research aims and objectives or the research questions / hypothesis. Furthermore, the article does not include proper specifications of the aim of study and the significance of conducting the research. In order to overcome the weak links, there are certain steps that can be taken to strengthen the overall research approach (Creswell, 2012). The initial part can include definition of the particular research aim and objectives, following which the chosen method and design for research can be properly specified. Other than that, weaknesses in this article are identified in the factors that the study does not cover the longitudinal aspects of the identified variables. Future Scope of the Study The study can be further extended in the future to analyze the changes in sales and employment levels over longer period of time rather than one year (Yin, 2013). Therefore, the future study can involve more number of eating and drinking places, hotels and restaurants by including several other smoke free jurisdictions besides the five selected countries in New York States. Conclusion The researcher has tried to conduct a detail study in order to assess the accurate levels of employment and sales before and after implementing smoke free policies. However, there are certain evidences that state that these rules are in fact, beneficial for health and even more, they are not at all bad for business. Hence, policy makers need sufficient information about the exact results of implementing smoke free rules on hospitality business. This research therefore aims to uncover and analyze the accurate aspects before and after applying such rules on several eating and drinking places on five countries of New York State. References Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods. Oxford university press. Corbin, J., Strauss, A. (2014). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage publications. Creswell, J. W. (2012). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Dane, F.C. (2011) Evaluating research: Methodology for people who need to read research. Gelso, C. (2006) Applying theories to research: The interplay of theory and research in science. https://knowledge.sagepub.com.proxy1.ncu.edu/view/hdbk_psychrsch/n32.xml Hyland, A., Puli, V., Cummings, M., Sciandra, R. (2003). New York's smoke-free regulations: Effects on employment and sales in the hospital industry. https://search.proquest.com.proxy1.ncu.edu/docview/209703335? accountid=28180 Krathwohl, D. (2009) Methods of educational and social science research: The logic of methods. Marshall, C., Rossman, G. B. (2014). Designing qualitative research. Sage publications. Maxwell, J. A. (2012). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach: An interactive approach. Sage. Merriam, S. B. (2014). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley Sons. Mitchell, M., Jolley, J. (2012). Research design explained. Cengage Learning. Pickard, A. (2012). Research methods in information. Facet publishing. Yin, R. K. (2013). Case study research: Design and methods. Sage publications.